2005—2021年区域和省级电网碳排放因子研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.276

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区域和省级电网碳排放因子是企业用电间接碳排放核算的重要基础，但官方数据存在时间不连续和较长滞后的问题。文中采用国家发改委公布的区域和省级电网碳排放因子计算方法，对2005—2021年电网碳排放因子进行计算。通过对比官方数据，验证了计算结果准确性，深入研究电网碳排放因子的分布特征、变化趋势及其差异，并对两种电网碳排放因子进行应用场景分析。结果表明，区域电网碳排放因子的空间分布呈东北高、西南低，省级电网碳排放因子的空间分布呈东部高、中西部低，2005—2021年整体呈下降趋势，但地区间低碳发展的不均衡加剧。各省发电结构与输入电力来源不同导致省级电网碳排放因子与所在区域电网的碳排放因子存在较大差异，东部和中部省份的省级电网碳排放因子显著高于区域电网，西部省份相反。为提升行业企业电力碳排放核算准确度，优先选择省级电网碳排放因子；为评估同一区域内各行业企业的减排成效，应避免各省电力差异导致的不公平问题，优先选择区域电网碳排放因子。

关键词: 区域电网, 省级电网, 碳排放因子, 碳排放核算, 电力碳排放

Abstract:

The carbon emission factors of regional and provincial power grids are an important basis for accounting of the indirect carbon emissions of enterprise electricity consumption, but official data have problems of discontinuous time and long lag. In this paper, the regional and provincial power grid carbon emission factors from 2005 to 2021 were calculated by using the method published by the National Development and Reform Commission, People’s Republic of China. By comparing official data, the accuracy of the calculation results was verified. In-depth research was conducted on the distribution characteristics, change trends, and differences of emission factors, and application scenario analyses were conducted on the two types of emission factors. The results indicate that the carbon emission factors in regional power grids are higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest, carbon emission factors in provincial power grids are higher in the east and lower in the central and west, with an overall downward trend from 2005 to 2021. However, the inequality in low-carbon development between regions has intensified. The different power generation structures and input power sources in different provinces lead to significant differences in emission factors between provincial power grids and regional power grids. The emission factors of provincial power grids in eastern and central provinces are significantly higher than those of regional power grids, while the emission factors of western provinces are the opposite. To improve the accuracy of carbon emissions accounting for industry enterprises, priority should be given to selecting provincial power grid emission factors; to evaluate the emission reduction effectiveness of enterprises in various industries within the same region, it is necessary to avoid unfair issues caused by power differences in different provinces and prioritize the selection of regional grid emission factors.

Key words: Regional power grid, Provincial power grid, Carbon emission factor, Carbon emission accounting, Carbon emissions of electricity

魏夕凯, 谭效时, 阮嘉桐, 林明, 秦露, 孙国立, 向可祺, 褚曜珲. 2005—2021年区域和省级电网碳排放因子研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2024, 20(3): 337-350.

WEI Xi-Kai, TAN Xiao-Shi, RUAN Jia-Tong, LIN Ming, QIN Lu, SUN Guo-Li, XIANG Ke-Qi, CHU Yao-Hui. Research on carbon emission factors of regional and provincial power grids from 2005 to 2021[J]. Climate Change Research, 2024, 20(3): 337-350.

图/表 10

表1 区域电网覆盖范围

Table 1 The scope of regional power grid

图1 2021年区域电网净流向图注：图中数值的单位为亿kW·h。

Fig. 1 Net output power flow of regional power grid in 2021

图2 2021年省级电网净流向关系

Fig. 2 Net output power flow of provincial power grid in 2021

表2 能源碳排放系数

Table 2 Carbon emission coefficients of fuels

表3 区域电网碳排放因子计算数据与官方数据的比较

Table 3 Comparison between the calculated carbon emission factors of regional power grids from 2010 to 2012 and official data kg CO2/(kW·h)

图3 2005—2021年区域电网碳排放因子

Fig. 3 Carbon emission factors of regional power grids from 2005 to 2021

图4 2005—2021年省级电网碳排放因子

Fig. 4 Carbon emission factors of provincial power grids from 2005 to 2021

图5 2005与2021年区域与省级电网碳排放因子差距

Fig. 5 Difference in carbon emission factors between regional and provincial power grids in 2005 and 2021

表4 2021年各省有色金属冶炼和压延加工业电力碳排放

Table 4 Carbon emissions from smelting and pressing of nonferrous metals industries in provinces in 2021

表5 2021年各省净购入电力碳排放

Table 5 Carbon emissions from net electricity purchases by provinces in 2021

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