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      氣候變化研究進(jìn)展 ?? 2005, Vol. 01 ?? Issue (02): 58-64.

      ? 研究論文 ? 上一篇    下一篇

      歷史紀(jì)錄的西北環(huán)境變化與農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)

      張德二   

      1. 中國氣象局 國家氣候中心
      • 收稿日期:2005-03-22 修回日期:2005-04-15 出版日期:2005-07-31 發(fā)布日期:2005-07-31
      • 通訊作者: 張德二

      Historical Records of Environmental Changes and Agricultural Development in Northwest China

      1. 中國氣象局 國家氣候中心
      • Received:2005-03-22 Revised:2005-04-15 Online:2005-07-31 Published:2005-07-31

      摘要: 由中國西北地區(qū)的現(xiàn)代氣候狀況和古氣候記錄來回溯過去時期的氣候變化,并依據(jù)歷史文獻(xiàn)記載論述過去時期農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā)活動的規(guī)模、效益與溫度、濕度背景之關(guān)聯(lián)。文中指出:西漢和唐前期氣候適宜,河西地區(qū)大規(guī)模農(nóng)田開墾成功;唐后期和明朝中葉的氣候轉(zhuǎn)寒導(dǎo)致河西屯墾凋敝;公元初塔里木盆地的繁榮和后來的衰落與水資源變化有關(guān)。歷史上的墾后拋荒行為加速了土地的沙化進(jìn)程,烏蘭布和沙漠的形成和較溫暖的13世紀(jì)降塵事件頻繁發(fā)生即為此類不良后果的兩個典型例子。

      關(guān)鍵詞: 中國西北地區(qū), 歷史氣候, 農(nóng)業(yè)開發(fā), 開墾和棄

      Abstract: A review of historical evolution of climate conditions in Northwest China is demonstrated. Based upon rich historical documentary records regarding wasteland reclamations for cultivation, the relationship of sizes and benefits of agricultural development with the conditions of temperature and moisture at that time is indicated. In the west Han Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty suitable climate provided sufficient heat and moisture for large-scale reclamation of wasteland in the Hexi region, resulting in swiftly booming economy, while economy fell in the target region in late Tang Dynasty and mid-Ming Dynasty mainly because climate got cold. And agricultural development or decline in Tarim Basin from the 1st to the 4th century was caused by change of water source. In historical time, frequent over-reclaiming and subsequent leaving the land alone were responsible for the acceleration of land desertification, there were two cases of Wulanbuhe desert's formation and the high frequency of sandstorm during the warmer 13th century as such adverse consequences caused by above actions.

      Key words: Northwest China, historical climate, human opening-up activities, land reclamation/ discarding, histori

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