南極無(wú)冰區(qū)生態(tài)與環(huán)境變化在糞土層中的記錄

氣候變化研究進(jìn)展 ?? 2006, Vol. 02 ?? Issue (02): 57-62.

南極無(wú)冰區(qū)生態(tài)與環(huán)境變化在糞土層中的記錄

孫立廣劉曉東

中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué) 極地環(huán)境研究室

收稿日期:2005-12-19 修回日期:2006-02-17 出版日期:2006-03-30 發(fā)布日期:2006-03-30
通訊作者: 孫立廣

Eco-environmental Change Records of Antarctic Ice-free Areas in Sediments Influenced by Marine Animals

Received:2005-12-19 Revised:2006-02-17 Online:2006-03-30 Published:2006-03-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 極地海鳥(niǎo)、海獸等生物排泄物的堆積層和含糞的沉積層是進(jìn)行極地生態(tài)地質(zhì)學(xué)研究的良好載體。從生物糞土沉積層中恢復(fù)出的企鵝、海豹數(shù)量變化記錄表明，歷史時(shí)期南極企鵝、海豹種群數(shù)量出現(xiàn)過(guò)顯著的波動(dòng)。在新冰期時(shí)企鵝數(shù)量銳減，氣候過(guò)冷或過(guò)暖都不利于它們的生存，南極海豹數(shù)量變化也受到氣候變化、海冰條件和取食行為的控制。另外，南極海豹毛和生物糞土層中還保存了過(guò)去幾千年人類文明的歷史信息，汞（Hg）含量的波動(dòng)與人類冶金文明的盛衰存在明顯的響應(yīng)關(guān)系。

關(guān)鍵詞: 南極, 生物糞土層, 企鵝, 海豹, 人類文明

Abstract: Under the condition of polar eco-environment, the accumulative profiles of seabird and sea animal excrements and the depositional sequences influenced by animal excrements are good archives to study eco-geology in ice-free regions of Antarctica and Arctic. The historical records of Antarctic penguin and seal population changes, which had been reconstructed from the sediments influenced by animal excrements, showed that historically the penguin and seal population had experienced dramatic fluctuations. The period of sharp decrease in penguin populations corresponded well to Neoglaciation, and it may be not suitable for the survival of Antarctic penguin under the extremely cold or warm climate conditions; the historical change of seal population seemed to be related to climatic variation, sea-ice coverage and its forage behavior. Additionally, the results showed that the Antarctic seal hairs and sediments including seal excrements well preserved the historical information of ancient civilization over the past several thousand years, and the fluctuations of Hg concentration in the seal hairs and the excrement sediments were found to be closely coincided with ancient activities of gold and silver mining

Key words: Antarctica, sediments influenced by animal excrements, penguin, seal, eco-environmental variation, human civilization

孫立廣劉曉東 . 南極無(wú)冰區(qū)生態(tài)與環(huán)境變化在糞土層中的記錄[J]. 氣候變化研究進(jìn)展, 2006, 02(02): 57-62.

. Eco-environmental Change Records of Antarctic Ice-free Areas in Sediments Influenced by Marine Animals[J]. Climate Change Research, 2006, 02(02): 57-62.

[1]	韓微, 效存德, 郭曉寅, 張東啟. 南極長(zhǎng)城站和中山站降水形態(tài)變化特征的研究[J]. 氣候變化研究進(jìn)展, 2018, 14(2): 120-126.
[2]	效存德;. 南極地區(qū)氣候系統(tǒng)變化: 過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)[J]. 氣候變化研究進(jìn)展, 2008, 04(001): 1-7.

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