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      氣候變化研究進(jìn)展 ?? 2007, Vol. 03 ?? Issue (06): 373-378.

      ? 研究短論 ? 上一篇    下一篇

      氣候變暖對黑龍江省主要農作物的影響

      王艷秋 高煜中 潘華盛 張桂華 萬(wàn)里鵬 鄭紅   

      1. 哈爾濱市氣象局
      • 收稿日期:2006-12-18 修回日期:2007-06-14 出版日期:2007-11-30 發(fā)布日期:2007-11-30
      • 通訊作者: 王艷秋

      Effect of Climate Warming on Major Crops in Heilongjiang Province

        

      • Received:2006-12-18 Revised:2007-06-14 Online:2007-11-30 Published:2007-11-30

      摘要: 利用黑龍江省和哈爾濱市的氣溫資料,通過(guò)5種氣候模式,對黑龍江省及哈爾濱市的氣溫變化特點(diǎn),以及未來(lái)50 a的變化趨勢作了分析。結果表明:20世紀80年代以來(lái),黑龍江省氣候明顯變暖,在1881-2001年120 a間哈爾濱年平均氣溫上升了1.4℃,全省1981-2000年較1951-1980年間平均氣溫上升近1.0℃。數值模擬結果顯示,2030年和2050年的氣溫將分別升高1.9℃和2.4℃,到2050年≥10℃積溫帶將北移約5個(gè)緯距。氣候變暖對水稻、玉米、大豆和小麥生長(cháng)發(fā)育的影響很大,除大豆增產(chǎn)外,其他作物產(chǎn)量均有所降低。因此,必須進(jìn)行作物結構調整才能逐步適應氣候變化,獲得增產(chǎn)

      關(guān)鍵詞: 氣候變暖, 作物產(chǎn)量, 影響, 種植結構調整

      Abstract: Based on the air temperature data of Heilongjiang Province and Harbin City, the centurial variation characteristics of air temperature in Harbin were analyzed and the trend of future 50 years was projected by using the simulations of five climate models. Results show that the annual temperature in Harbin has increased by 1.4 ℃ in the 120 years of 1881-2001, and Heilongjiang climate has become warm remarkably since the 1980s, and the mean temperature of 1981-2000 over the whole Heilongjiang Province risen by 1.0 ℃ relative to that of 1951-1980. Projected results show that the temperature would rise up by 1.94℃ in 2030 and by 2.42 ℃ in 2050 in comparison with the mean temperature of 1961-1990. The accumulated temperature zone was projected to move northward by 2.5° and 5.0° latitudes in 2030 and 2050, respectively, relative to the mean position of 1951-1980. Effects of climate warming on major crops (paddy, corn, soybean and wheat) will be prominent, and except soybean other crop誷 yields will decline due to shorter growth period and earlier maturation. So the crop structure adjustment is necessary to address climate change.

      Key words: climate warming, corp yield, impact, agricultural structure adjustment

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