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      氣候變化研究進(jìn)展 ?? 2012, Vol. 8 ?? Issue (4): 297-304.

      ? 調(diào)查研究 ? 上一篇    下一篇

      美國(guó)公眾對(duì)全球變暖的認(rèn)知和對(duì)氣候政策的支持

      常跟應(yīng)1, 李國(guó)敬1, 李 曼2, 王朝平3   

      1. 1 蘭州大學(xué)西部環(huán)境教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/西部環(huán)境與氣候變化研究院; 
        2 中國(guó)科學(xué)院寒區(qū)旱區(qū)環(huán)境與工程研究所;
        3 蘭州大學(xué)地質(zhì)科學(xué)與礦產(chǎn)資源學(xué)院
      • 收稿日期:2011-12-31 修回日期:2012-02-17 出版日期:2012-07-30 發(fā)布日期:2012-07-30
      • 通訊作者: 常跟應(yīng) E-mail:changgy@lzu.edu.cn
      • 基金資助:

        國(guó)家創(chuàng)新研究群體科學(xué)基金

      American Public Understanding of Global Warming and Support for Climate Policy

      • Received:2011-12-31 Revised:2012-02-17 Online:2012-07-30 Published:2012-07-30
      • Contact: Genying Chang E-mail:changgy@lzu.edu.cn

      摘要: 利用民意調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),以相關(guān)研究作為補(bǔ)充,分析美國(guó)公眾對(duì)全球變暖的認(rèn)知、減緩行為和氣候政策的支持等。分析表明,大部分美國(guó)民眾認(rèn)為全球在變暖,但很多人不了解全球變暖與溫室氣體的關(guān)系,把全球變暖混為大氣污染和臭氧層耗竭等;不到一半的公眾認(rèn)為全球變暖對(duì)個(gè)人和美國(guó)是現(xiàn)實(shí)威脅,更多的公眾認(rèn)為全球變暖對(duì)后代和發(fā)展中國(guó)家是嚴(yán)重威脅;大部分公眾認(rèn)為減緩全球變暖需要改變現(xiàn)有的生活方式和行為,他們?cè)敢膺x擇較容易從事和成本低的行為減少碳排放,但不愿意從根本上改變生活方式,改變自駕車、乘飛機(jī)長(zhǎng)途旅游這些碳排放量更大的行為;公眾普遍支持政府采取措施限制溫室氣體排放,但不希望所采取的措施對(duì)就業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)不利影響;支持通過(guò)技術(shù)進(jìn)步和減免稅收等措施提高能效,減少碳排放,但大部分反對(duì)為節(jié)能而提高能源稅收。

      關(guān)鍵詞: 美國(guó), 全球變暖, 氣候政策, 民意調(diào)查

      Abstract: Based on poll data and related researches, this paper analyzed American public understanding of global warming, mitigation behavior and support for climate policy. It is found that a majority of the public believe that global warming exists, but many don’s know the relation between global warming and greenhouse gases, and confuse global warming with local air pollution and depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere. Less than half of the public regard global warming as a serious problem for USA’s individuals and the society, whereas most of them think that global warming is a serious threat to future generations and developing countries. Most of the public recognize the necessity of changing lifestyle to reduce global warming, and have engaged in simple and low-cost behaviors to reduce carbon emissions. However, they are not ready to give up private cars and long distance air travel. The majority of the public support the federal government to control carbon emissions with the precondition that control measures will not hurt economy and employment. The preferred possible measures include developing vehicles and household appliances that use less energy, whereas increase in energy taxes is generally refused.

      Key words: USA, global warming, climate policy, poll

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