中日建筑全生命周期碳排放比較

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.195

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全生命周期的建筑碳減排在日本已有廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。由于中日建筑全生命周期碳排放統(tǒng)計口徑存在差異，為準(zhǔn)確開展中日建筑碳排放對比分析帶來了難度。文中首先從計算邊界、建材統(tǒng)計精度、碳排放因子數(shù)量等方面建立了中日同口徑的全生命周期碳排放計算模型，并基于此對中日案例建筑的全生命周期碳排放特征開展比較和分析。發(fā)現(xiàn)中國案例的建筑全生命周期碳排放略高于日本，其中運行階段碳排放明顯高于日本。此外建筑建材性能對碳排放影響顯著，日本建筑利用低碳建材，生產(chǎn)碳排放低，建材使用壽命長，使維護、廢棄階段碳排放均低于中國建筑案例。

關(guān)鍵詞: 建筑, 全生命周期, 碳排放, 碳排放因子, 統(tǒng)計分析, 對比

Abstract:

The entire lifecycle carbon reduction of buildings has been widely applied and developed in Japan. Due to the similar regional characteristics, climate conditions, and cultural environment between China and Japan, the comparative analysis of building carbon emissions in China and Japan has high reference significance and value for the low-carbon development of buildings in China. However, due to the differences in the statistical caliber of carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of buildings between China and Japan, it has brought difficulties to accurately carry out comparative analysis of carbon emissions in Chinese and Japanese buildings. In this study, an entire lifecycle carbon emission calculation model with the same caliber as China and Japan was first established from the aspects of calculation boundaries, statistical accuracy of building materials, and number of carbon emission factors. Based on this, a comparison and analysis of the entire lifecycle carbon emission characteristics of Chinese and Japanese building cases was conducted. It was found that the carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of Chinese construction cases were slightly higher than those of Japan, especially during the operational phase, where carbon emissions were 43.52% higher than Japan. In addition, the performance of building materials has a significant impact on carbon emissions. Japanese buildings use low-carbon building materials to produce low carbon emissions and have a long service life, resulting in lower carbon emissions during maintenance and disposal compared to Chinese construction cases.

Key words: Architecture, Entire lifecycle, Carbon emissions, Carbon emission factor, Statistical analysis, Contrast

羅曉予, 曹星煜, 宋志茜. 中日建筑全生命周期碳排放比較[J]. 氣候變化研究進展, 2024, 20(2): 220-230.

LUO Xiao-Yu, CAO Xing-Yu, SONG Zhi-Qian. Comparison of carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of buildings between China and Japan[J]. Climate Change Research, 2024, 20(2): 220-230.

圖/表 11

表1 中日建筑碳排放因子數(shù)量統(tǒng)計

Table 1 Statistics on the quantity of carbon emission factors in Chinese and Japanese buildings

表2 中國低碳節(jié)能設(shè)備碳排放因子補充

Table 2 Supplement to carbon emission factors for low carbon and energy saving equipment in China

表3 中日不同階段的碳排放核算方法

Table 3 Carbon emission accounting methods for different stages in China and Japan

表4 建筑全生命周期各階段碳排放計算所需數(shù)據(jù)來源

Table 4 Source of data required for carbon emission calculation at various stages of the entire lifecycle of buildings

表5 中日案例建筑各階段單位面積碳排放對比

Table 5 Comparison of carbon emissions per unit area in different stages of Chinese and Japanese case buildings

表6 各類建材單位面積碳排放對比

Table 6 Comparison of carbon emissions per unit area of various building materials

表7 中日案例建筑單位面積建材用量與同類建材碳排放因子對比

Table 7 Comparison of building materials consumption per unit area and carbon emission factors of similar building materials in Chinese and Japanese cases

表8 中日案例建筑能耗及運行碳排放

Table 8 Building energy consumption and operating carbon emissions in Chinese and Japanese cases

圖1 中日電力碳排放因子變化趨勢圖

Fig. 1 Trend chart of carbon emission factors in China and Japan electric power

圖2 中日建材使用壽命對比[13-14]

Fig. 2 Comparison of service life of building materials between China and Japan [13-14]

表9 中日建材回收系數(shù)

Table 9 Recycling coefficient of building materials in China and Japan

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