COP28全球盤(pán)點(diǎn)成果解讀及全球氣候治理形勢展望

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

《聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約》第28次締約方會(huì )議（COP28）完成了《巴黎協(xié)定》下首次全球盤(pán)點(diǎn)，就多項議題達成一攬子名為“阿聯(lián)酋共識”的成果。全球盤(pán)點(diǎn)成果的達成在機制上維護了《巴黎協(xié)定》的有效性，成果文件凸顯了全球以1.5℃為溫控目標強化減排行動(dòng)力度的緊迫性，構建了全球適應目標框架，建立了損失與損害基金，高度關(guān)注氣候資金支持缺口問(wèn)題，并澄清了氣候資金的概念關(guān)系。中國在元首外交、氣候治理理念、談判磋商方案等方面為全球盤(pán)點(diǎn)成果的達成作出了重要貢獻。展望首次全球盤(pán)點(diǎn)后的全球氣候多邊形勢，全球氣候治理格局的多渠道化、多領(lǐng)域化、目標細化趨勢顯現，地緣政治加劇綠色貿易壁壘，發(fā)展中國家立場(chǎng)日漸碎片化，各國將在《巴黎協(xié)定》下以“自主貢獻+”的模式開(kāi)展氣候行動(dòng)，并不斷按照新的要求更新和提高自主貢獻。建議中國強化統籌國際國內兩個(gè)大局，順應全球綠色發(fā)展大勢，積極完成各項履約任務(wù)并強化氣候變化相關(guān)研究支撐和能力建設，提前統籌謀劃COP29工作方案。

關(guān)鍵詞: 氣候變化, 《巴黎協(xié)定》全球盤(pán)點(diǎn), 全球氣候治理, 氣候談判

Abstract:

The 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has completed the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement, and has reached a package of key decisions dubbed the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Consensus. The Global Stocktake outcome upholds the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement mechanism, highlights the urgency of strengthening global mitigation actions with the 1.5°C temperature target, decides the framework for the global goal on adaptation, establishes loss and damage fund, emphasizes the issue of climate finance support gap, and clarifies the concept of climate finance. China has made important contributions to the achievement of the Global Stocktake outcome in terms of leadership diplomacy, climate governance concepts and climate change negotiations. The global climate multilateral process has shown following trends with the first Global Stocktake. The global climate governance has gradually become multi-channel, multi-disciplinary and target-oriented. Geopolitics has exacerbated green trade barriers. Developing countries’ positions are increasingly fragmented. Countries will take climate action in the mode of “NDC+” under the Paris Agreement, and continuously update and enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in accordance with new requirements. It is recommended that China need further take into account both the domestic and international imperatives, grasp the trend of global green development, actively fulfill our obligations under the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement, strengthen the climate change-related research and capacity building, and make holistic planning and coordination for COP29 in advance.

Key words: Climate change, Paris Agreement Global Stocktake, Global climate governance, Climate negotiation

樊星, 李路, 高翔, 陳志華. COP28全球盤(pán)點(diǎn)成果解讀及全球氣候治理形勢展望[J]. 氣候變化研究進(jìn)展, 2024, 20(2): 253-260.

FAN Xing, LI Lu, GAO Xiang, CHEN Zhi-Hua. The analysis of COP28 Global Stocktake outcome and global climate governance prospects[J]. Climate Change Research, 2024, 20(2): 253-260.

圖/表 1

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