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關鍵詞: 武漢市, 氣溫, 降水, 極端天氣氣候指數(shù)

Abstract: Based on the daily temperature and precipitation data from 1951 to 2007 in Wuhan, 10 main series of extreme indices on weather and climate were calculated and the change of extreme weather and climate were revealed through trends analysis, abrupt analysis and decadal comparisons. It is found that: 1) among 4 extreme indices concerning temperature, the annual and four seasonal 90th percentiles of maximum temperatures (txq90) and 10th percentiles of minimum temperatures (tnq10) all showed rising trends that led to the extension of the maximum length of heat wave duration (txhw90) and the reduction of the day number of frosts (tnfd), respectively, but the tnq10 rose quicker than the txq90, and the trends of tnfd and tnq10 were all extremely significant especially for winter and year, and the trends of txq90 and txhw90 were significant only in spring and winter, respectively. Those changes led to more frequent "hot spring", "warm winter", "warm night", "sultry weather", and "strong convective phenomenon" in the evening-night and also more "warm day", "heat wave" but less "frost day". 2) trends of 6 major extreme indices concerning precipitation were mostly rising, among them the 90th percentile of rainday rainfall (pq90) and its percentage (pfl90) and days (pnl90) and also the maximum 5-day total rainfall (px5d) were rising most significantly in winter, but the pq90 and pfl90 were declining slightly in summer. The rising trend of the simple daily intensity (pint) in winter and the reducing trend of the maximum length of consecutive dry days (pxccd) were significant at the 0.1 and 0.01 significance level, respectively. 3) some abrupt points were detected from the late 1980s to early 1990s for some temperature indices.

Key words: Wuhan, temperature, precipitation, extremeextreme weather and climate indices, trend