中國60城市站1901—2019年日降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)集的構(gòu)建

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.006

氣候變化研究進(jìn)展 ?? 2022, Vol. 18 ?? Issue (6): 670-682.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.006

? 氣候系統(tǒng)變化 ? 上一篇下一篇

中國60城市站1901—2019年日降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)集的構(gòu)建

戰(zhàn)云健¹(), 陳東輝¹(), 廖捷¹, 鞠曉慧¹, 趙煜飛¹, 任國玉²^,³

1 中國氣象局國家氣象信息中心，北京 100081
2 中國氣象局國家氣候中心，北京 100081
3 中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（武漢）環(huán)境學(xué)院，武漢 430074

收稿日期:2022-01-11 修回日期:2022-02-24 出版日期:2022-11-30 發(fā)布日期:2022-04-29
通訊作者: 陳東輝
作者簡介:戰(zhàn)云健，男，高級工程師，zhanyj@cma.cn
基金資助:
國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃“不同溫升情景下區(qū)域氣象災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)估”(2019YFA0606904);“國家氣象科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)中心建設(shè)”專項(xiàng)資金;國家重點(diǎn)科技研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目“全球變化及應(yīng)對”重點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)(2018YFA0605603)

Construction of a daily precipitation dataset of 60 city stations in China for the period 1901-2019

ZHAN Yun-Jian¹(), CHEN Dong-Hui¹(), LIAO Jie¹, JU Xiao-Hui¹, ZHAO Yu-Fei¹, REN Guo-Yu²^,³

1 National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
2 National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
3 School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2022-01-11 Revised:2022-02-24 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-04-29
Contact: CHEN Dong-Hui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年來中國區(qū)域降水的極端化問題得到學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注，有關(guān)研究也獲得了大量成果。但是，目前國內(nèi)外常用的高分辨率降水資料序列多從1951年左右開始，普遍缺少20世紀(jì)早期中國的逐日降水資料，對于近一百多年中國極端降水變化特征及其機(jī)理，目前還不清楚。基于多來源的1901—1950年原始觀測報(bào)表數(shù)字化逐日降水資料，補(bǔ)充先前未錄入的“無降水”和缺測數(shù)據(jù)，研發(fā)質(zhì)量控制方案并開展質(zhì)量控制，補(bǔ)充錄入檢出的缺失和錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)并再次質(zhì)控，結(jié)合1951年以來的現(xiàn)代降水日值資料，建立中國60個(gè)城市站1901—2019年降水日值數(shù)據(jù)集。數(shù)據(jù)集評估結(jié)果顯示，早期中國東部地區(qū)的臺站較為密集，數(shù)據(jù)完整性和正確性較好，但中國西部的臺站數(shù)量少且完整性和正確性偏低。本數(shù)據(jù)集構(gòu)建的年總降水量累積值序列與已有的月降水量數(shù)據(jù)基本一致。基于該數(shù)據(jù)集，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)重慶站近百年來的降水未出現(xiàn)顯著的趨勢性變化。該數(shù)據(jù)集使后續(xù)分析研究中國極端降水的百年尺度長期變化特征成為可能。

關(guān)鍵詞: 觀測數(shù)據(jù), 逐日降水, 百年序列, 極端降水, 中國

Abstract:

In recent years, the change of extreme precipitation in China has received extensive attention, and related research has obtained a lot of results. However, the high-resolution precipitation data from the well-known datasets worldwide generally start around 1951 at present, lacking daily precipitation data in China in the early 20th century, so the characteristics and mechanism of extreme precipitation changes throughout China in the past 100 years are still unclear. Based on multiple sources of digital daily precipitation data from 1901 to 1950, through supplementing the previously unrecorded “no precipitation” and missing data, developing the quality control plans and carry out quality control work, filling in some missing and erroneous data, and combining the modern daily precipitation data since 1951, a dataset of daily precipitation was established for the past 119 years (1901-2019) of 60 city stations in China. The assessment results show that the stations in the eastern part of China are relatively dense, and the data integrity and correctness are better, but there are only a few stations in Western China and the integrity is low. The accumulated annual precipitation time series constructed by the dataset are basically consistent with the existing monthly precipitation datasets. Based on this dataset, it is found that there is no significant trend in precipitation and extreme precipitation at Chongqing station during the past 119 years, and the centennial long-term change characteristics of extreme precipitation in China can be further analyzed by using this dataset.

Key words: Observed data, Daily precipitation, Hundred-year time series, Extreme precipitation, China

戰(zhàn)云健, 陳東輝, 廖捷, 鞠曉慧, 趙煜飛, 任國玉. 中國60城市站1901—2019年日降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)集的構(gòu)建[J]. 氣候變化研究進(jìn)展, 2022, 18(6): 670-682.

ZHAN Yun-Jian, CHEN Dong-Hui, LIAO Jie, JU Xiao-Hui, ZHAO Yu-Fei, REN Guo-Yu. Construction of a daily precipitation dataset of 60 city stations in China for the period 1901-2019[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(6): 670-682.

圖/表 10

圖1 1901—1950年中國60站降水資料空間分布及序列長度

Fig. 1 Geographic distribution and number of valid years for 60 stations from 1901 to 1950

圖2 1901—2019年60個(gè)城市臺站數(shù)量的時(shí)間變化

Fig. 2 Variation of station numbers from 1901 to 2019

圖3 1901—2019年60個(gè)城市臺站數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)有率(a)、正確率(b)、可疑率(c)、站址差異數(shù)據(jù)所占比率(d)以及估測為0數(shù)據(jù)所占比率(e)的時(shí)間變化

Fig. 3 Variation of the valid rate (a), correct rate (b), suspicious rate (c), the rate of data with different locations (d), and the rate of data estimated to be 0 (e) for 60 stations from 1901 to 2019

圖4 1901—2019年中國60城市站逐日降水資料實(shí)有率(a)和正確率(b)空間分布

Fig. 4 Geographic distribution of the valid rate (a) and the correct rate (b) for 60 stations from 1901 to 2019

圖5 1901—1950年中國60城市站逐日降水資料實(shí)有率(a)、可疑率(b)、站址差異數(shù)據(jù)所占比率(c)以及估測為0數(shù)據(jù)所占比率(d)空間分布

Fig. 5 Geographic distribution of the valid rate (a), the suspicious rate (b), the rate of data with different locations (c), and the rate of data estimated to be 0 (d) for 60 stations from 1901 to 1950

圖6 1901—2019年北京(a)以及中國區(qū)域平均(b)的日值和月值累加成的年降水量時(shí)間序列

Fig. 6 Time series of annual precipitation accumulated by daily and monthly precipitation in Beijing (a) and regional average in China (b) from 1901 to 2019

圖7 1943年日值(a)和月值(b)累加成的年降水量空間分布

Fig. 7 The spatial distribution of annual precipitation accumulated by daily (a) and monthly (b) in 1943

表1 重慶市解放前和解放初期（1954年之前）全部氣象觀測臺站基本信息、與沙坪壩站的距離以及本數(shù)據(jù)集的選用情況

Table 1 The basic information, distance to Shapingba station, and the selection status in this dataset of all the meteorological observation stations before 1954 in Chongqing

圖8 1901—2019年重慶逐日降水量時(shí)間序列及數(shù)據(jù)來源

Fig. 8 Time series of daily precipitation and the data source in Chongqing from 1901 to 2019

圖9 1901—2019年重慶年降水量(a)、年降水日數(shù)(b)和年平均日降水強(qiáng)度(c)時(shí)間序列

Fig. 9 Time series of annual precipitation (a), precipitation days (b), and precipitation intensity (c) above 0.1 mm in Chongqing from 1901 to 2019

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中國60城市站1901—2019年日降水?dāng)?shù)據(jù)集的構(gòu)建

Construction of a daily precipitation dataset of 60 city stations in China for the period 1901-2019

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